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Syrian Detainees Subjected To 'Systematic Torture'
In a new report, the international rights watchdog says the situation in Syria should be referred to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for possible prosecution of Assad-regime officials.
The report was released as Syrian government forces were reported on March 14 to have bombarded the southern city of Deraa with antiaircraft fire. Forces loyal to the government have also reportedly intensified an assault in the northern province of Idlib.
Opposition activists claim troops have killed dozens of people in Idlib. Armed rebels claim to have hit back, killing some 22 soldiers in ambushes.
The claims cannot be independently verified due to reporting restrictions.
On the diplomatic front, international mediator Kofi Annan has confirmed he received a response from Assad's government after making "concrete" proposals to Damascus about how to bring an end to the country's crisis. A statement from a spokesman for Annan, the joint United Nations-Arab League envoy on Syria, says he "has questions and is seeking answers" to Assad's response.
Meanwhile, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on March 14 criticized Assad for a "big delay" in implementing reforms. Lavrov accused Assad of "inertia" and said Moscow's controversial policy on Syria was not aimed at defending Assad's regime. But Lavrov also offered little hint of an immediate shift in Russia's policy of equally blaming violence in Syria on opposition fighters and government forces.
Amnesty International says its report -- titled "'I Wanted to Die': Syria's Torture Survivors Speak Out" -- was based on interviews and testimonies from dozens of Syrians who have fled the conflict to neighboring Jordan.
The report details 31 alleged methods of torture or other ill treatment that have been inflicted on Syrians -- including severe beatings, sexual violence, exposure to excessive cold, electric shock, and prolonged solitary confinement.
The report says former detainees told Amnesty International that after they arrived at detention centers, they were forced to endure "prolonged and repeated beatings with fists and various instruments including sticks, riffle butts, and electric cables, as well as kicks." They said the beatings are usually accompanied by insults and other verbal abuse.
According to the former detainees' accounts, they were kept in cramped cells, with severely restricted access to a toilet or bathroom.
The former detainees said rape and ill treatment of a sexual nature was one of the widespread methods used in Syrian detention centers and prisons.
Several of those interviewed in Jordan said it was common to be hit in the genital region with truncheons. In one case, a former detainee told Amnesty International that he was forced to watch as a male detainee was raped in front of him. Another said his cellmate had been raped with a metal skewer.
The report says torture methods employed by government forces and pro-government armed gangs also included stubbing out cigarettes on prisoners' bodies, pulling their hair, beating them on the soles of the feet, threatening them with execution, and denigrating the victim's religious beliefs.
Neil Sammonds, the lead author of the report said the scale of "abuse and the horror of some of the methods of torture is a return to the horrible days of the 1980's, when in fact it was Bashar al-Assad's father who was in power."
"The fact that it happened across the country and across the security agencies and the armed forces leads one to the assumption that the regime is directing and knows what's going on and is encouraging its guards and security officers to do this," Sammonds said.
The United Nations says more than 8,000 people have died and some 230,000 Syrians have fled their homes in the past year of conflict in the Middle Eastern nation.
With Reuters and AFP reporting
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Georgian Ex-President Saakashvili’s Sentence Extended To 12.5 Years
A court in Tbilisi has found jailed former Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili guilty of illegally crossing the country's border, sentencing him to an additional four years and six months in prison.
Since Saakashvili had already been sentenced to nine years in previous cases, Judge Mikheil Jinjolia in the Tbilisi City Court ruled that the former president would now serve a total of 12 years and six months behind bars.
According to this ruling, Saakashvili will remain imprisoned until April 1, 2034.
Speaking via video link from the Vivamedi clinic in Tbilisi during a separate trial, Saakashvili strongly condemned the ruling.
"This verdict is meant to destroy me in prison, to eliminate me physically," he said.
He declared that he remained a threat to his political opponents, whether behind bars or even in death.
"You cannot destroy the idea of Georgia's freedom or the soul of Saakashvili. We are fighting and will win," the former president declared.
Saakashvili had been wanted by Georgian authorities and secretly returned to Georgia on September 29, 2021, after years of self-imposed exile. Two days later, on October 1, he was arrested. Prosecutors charged him with illegal border crossing.
Last week, the Tbilisi City Court's Judge Badri Kochlamazashvili sentenced Saakashvili to an additional nine years in prison for the large-scale embezzlement of public funds. He ruled that the term would be served concurrently with the six-year prison term Saakashvili was already serving for abuse of power.
Saakashvili, president of Georgia from 2003 to 2013, has consistently denied all the charges.
His steadfast denial of his guilt, echoed by the opposition United National Movement and several other political groups, has garnered sympathy and support among many Georgians. Many argue that the case was driven by political retribution.
Governor In Ukraine
Saakashvili's presidency was marked by ambitious reforms to curb corruption and modernize the country, including significant changes in the police force and the judiciary.
After leaving office, he became involved in Ukrainian politics, serving as the governor of Odesa from 2015 to 2016 before falling out with Ukrainian authorities.
He had been convicted in absentia on charges related to abuse of power, including granting a presidential pardon to individuals involved in the murder of banker Sandro Girgvliani and the beating of opposition lawmaker Valeri Gelashvili. These charges are part of a series of legal battles he has been facing since leaving office.
Since his arrest, he has been held in detention and is currently receiving medical treatment at the Vivamedi Clinic.
Additionally, Saakashvili is still facing trial for his role in the crackdown on protests on November 7, 2007. The trial is seen as a continuation of the legal challenges he has been facing since leaving office.
The arrest of Saakashvili, a key Western ally and a symbol of democratic reforms in Georgia, has sparked international concern over his health and treatment in detention.
- By Kian Sharifi
US Strikes On Yemen's Houthis A Message To Iran
The United States has launched extensive air strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen, aiming to curb their threat to shipping while also signaling a warning to Iran.
In a statement announcing his directive on March 15, US President Donald Trump also warned Iran to “immediately” end its support for the Houthis and vowed to hold Tehran “fully accountable” if it threatened Americans or shipping lanes.
On March 17, Trump turned up the heat, posting on his Truth Social platform that “the hundreds of attacks made by the Houthi, who are hated by the Yemeni people, emanate from, and are created by, Iran.”
"Any further attack or retaliation by the 'Houthis' will be met with great force, and there is no guarantee that the force will stop there,” he wrote.
The strikes come as Iran is weighing its response to a letter by Trump on direct talks over Tehran’s nuclear program, and possibly its regional activities and missile development.
Michael Horowitz, head of intelligence at the Bahrain-based Le Beck International consultancy, said he believes the attack on Houthi targets may well have something to do with Iran’s opposition to direct talks with the Trump administration.
“There is a message being sent in the type of weapons used, including sea-launched missiles,” he told RFE/RL. “Nuclear negotiations haven’t started, and Trump is threatening to use force if diplomacy doesn’t work. This is a way to show that he is serious.”
How Are The Attacks Different From Past Strikes?
Designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, the Houthis, who are formally known as the Ansarallah movement, seized power in Yemen in 2014 by toppling the internationally recognized, Saudi-backed government.
Soon after the outbreak of the Gaza war in October 2023, the Houthis began launching attacks on Israel and targeting ships in the Red Sea believed to be sailing to or from Israel. The group said this was in solidarity with the Palestinians.
The attacks stopped after a fragile cease-fire went into force in January, but the Houthis have threatened to resume their attacks if aid does not flow into Gaza.
Last year, US and British militaries carried out multiple air strikes against the Houthis, but the new wave of attacks seems to be different.
Horowitz said the administrations of former US President Joe Biden was focused on defensive and pre-emptive strikes, targeting weapon depots and weapons just before they were launched.
“Trump appears to have widened the scope of those strikes to include Houthi officials and offices. I would not discount that we’ll even see a campaign of targeted assassinations,” he added.
The Houthis have vowed to retaliate and claimed to have launched 18 drones and missiles against USS Harry S. Truman on March 16. The United States has not commented on the claim, but reports citing unnamed US officials say the drones were intercepted and the missiles did not reach the warship.
The Yemeni group claims US strikes have killed dozens of people, including children. But White House national-security adviser Mike Waltz said on March 16 that the United States “took out” multiple Houthi leaders.
How Has Iran Responded To The US Air Strikes?
The X account of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on March 16 posted a quote from the top Iranian decision-maker dating back to 2020, in which he insisted that the “nation of Yemen is definitely victorious.”
“The only path is that of resistance. That which has caused the US and its allies to panic today is the fact that the Muslim nations are standing firmly and that this resistance will prove to be effective,” the post read.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi criticized the Trump administration for demanding that Tehran cut ties with the Houthis, saying that US government “has no authorities or business dictating Iranian foreign policy.”
Meanwhile, Hossein Salami, the commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), rejected assertions that Iran influences the Houthis, insisting that Tehran “has no role” in the Houthis’ decision-making process.
The Houthi movement is a key member of the Iran-led "axis of resistance," a network of non-state actors that has suffered major setbacks over the past year. The movement has particularly risen in stature as a defender of the Palestinian cause since it started hitting Israel and alleged Israeli-linked vessels.
Horowitz said the Houthis’ rising profile within the axis of resistance gives them some level of autonomy, but they are ultimately an Iranian proxy.
“They are still extremely dependent on Iran for weapons they use regularly so they will follow Iran's lead in my opinion,” he added.
EU To Look Into RFE/RL Funding As Europe Slams Cuts
The European Union is looking into the possible support of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty after the US government moved to cut the broadcaster's funding, sparking concern over the silencing of pro-democracy media.
At the initiative of the Czech Republic, a meeting of foreign ministers from the bloc's 27 members in Brussels on March 17 addressed the issue with the future of RFE/RL unclear due to the cutting of its Congress-approved funding by the administration of President Donald Trump over the weekend.
A diplomatic source with knowledge of the discussion told RFE/RL that the Czechs, along with Poland and the three Baltic countries -- Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania -- immediately expressed support for the idea saying a halt in RFE/RL's operations would "be a gift to Europe's adversaries" and its dissolution would be "irreparable for democratic aspirations around the world."
"It has been a beacon of democracy and very valuable," Kaja Kallas, the EU's top diplomat, told journalists after the meeting.
"It is sad to hear that the U.S. is withdrawing its [RFE/RL's] funding. Now the question for us is can we come in with our funding to leave or fill the void that US is leaving?" Kallas added.
Kallas said that the question of funding doesn't have an automatic answer, but that there was "really a push from the foreign ministers to discuss this and find the way."
Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavsky said he sensed "a certain interest" from other EU members in his country's initiative, and that "it is our responsibility to seriously deal with this issue."
Lipavsky's Polish counterpart, Radek Sikorski, also voiced support for RFE/RL, recalling how his father listened to the station as well as the Voice of America broadcaster during the Cold War.
"It's how we learnt the basic facts about our own countries because communist propaganda was so tightly controlled." he told reporters. "And these institutions continue to do similar work for autocracies today."
Sikorski also voiced support for Lipavsky's initiative to seek alternative avenues of funding for the US broadcasters.
"We will take a look at what can be done," he said. "We are at the stage of brainstorming, but clearly these are worthy institutions whose mission should continue."
Trump signed an executive order late on March 14 that aims to reduce seven federal agencies -- including the US Agency for Global Media (USAGM), which oversees Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and other federal broadcasters.
The order, which also targets agencies that deal with homelessness, labor disputes, and community development, gave the heads of each governmental entity named seven days to submit a report confirming full compliance.
Hours after the executive order was published, a letter from the USAGM said the Congress-approved grant that funds RFE/RL, headquartered in the Czech capital, Prague, had been terminated.
RFE/RL President and Chief Executive Officer Stephen Capus said canceling the grant agreement would be "a massive gift to America’s enemies," a point that was echoed by many media rights watchdogs, democracy advocates, and politicians.
Added U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee: “The Trump Administration’s latest effort to dismantle entities established and funded by Congress that provide accurate, unbiased information to hundreds of millions of people in countries where press freedom is under attack undermines the U.S. commitment to democracy."
“If President Trump gets his way, those who depend on U.S. supported independent media as alternatives to Chinese and Kremlin run media outlets and those living under authoritarian regimes will lose a critical lifeline."
Belarus opposition leader Svyatlana Tsikhanouskaya is one of those who has seen first hand how an authoritarian regime works to negate unbiased and fact-based news from outlets such as RFE/RL.
In an August 2020 presidential election, her husband Syarhey Tsikhanouski, announced he would run as an opposition candidate to authoritarian ruler Aleksandr Lukashenko. He was jailed before the campaign even started and eventually sentenced along with four others to lengthy prison terms.
She ran in his place and claims, along with most Western governments, that she won. Election officials, however, declared Lukashenko as the winner, touching off peaceful mass protests that turned deadly when security forces launched a brutal crackdown.
"For us, nations living under tyranny, RFE/RL and VOA News are symbols of the free world -- voices of truth," Tsikhanouskaya, who fled her country fearing for the safety of her family, said in a post on X.
"Many, like [RFE journalist] Ihar Losik, are in prison for working with them. For the United States, they are powerful tools of soft power, making America stronger & safer. Losing them would be a grave mistake."
Losik, a blogger and contributor to RFE/RL's Belarus Service, was convicted in December 2021 on multiple charges, including "organizing and preparing actions that grossly violate public order," and sentenced to 15 years in prison.
He is one of four RFE/RL journalists and contributors -- Vladyslav Yesypenko, Nika Novak, and Farid Mehralizada are the other three -- currently imprisoned on charges related to their work.
Last year, the Russian government designated RFE/RL an "undesirable organization," a label that effectively banned the broadcaster from working in Russia while also exposing anyone who cooperates with the outlet to potential prosecution.
"We urge the EU to stand up for media freedom by supporting Radio Free Europe," Renew Europe, a pro-European and centrist political group in the European Parliament, said in a statement.
The USAGM is an independent US government agency that oversees the broadcasting of news and information in almost 50 languages to some 361 million people each week.
The total budget request for the USAGM for Fiscal Year 2025 was $950 million to fund all of its operations and capital investments.
This includes media outlets such as RFE/RL, Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, the Office of Cuba Broadcasting (Radio Marti), Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN) and the Open Technology Fund.
"We see these media outlets really as beacons of truth, of democracy, and of hope for millions of people around the world. And of course, at an age of unmoderated content and fake news, journalism, freedom of press...are critical for democracy, and this decision risks benefiting our common adversaries," European Commission spokesperson Audia Paula Pinho said on March 17.
Trump, who has taken several moves to slash government spending since taking office for a second term in January, clashed with the USAGM over editorial independence and the direction of programming during his first term.
He has reiterated those concerns again since retaking office. Supporters of the broadcasters say they are an important arm of US diplomacy.
In addition to the USAGM, the order targets Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in the Smithsonian Institution, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund; and the Minority Business Development Agency.
- By RFE/RL
Trump Sets March 18 Call With Putin In Search Of Cease-Fire In Ukraine War
US President Donald Trump said he plans to speak by phone with Russian President Vladimir Putin on March 18 as he bids to bring about a cease-fire in the war in Ukraine that has drained both sides of soldiers and resources.
"I'll be speaking to President Putin on Tuesday. A lot of work's been done over the weekend," Trump told reporters late on March 16 during a flight back to Washington from his resort in Florida.
"We want to see if we can bring that war to an end. Maybe we can, maybe we can't, but I think we have a very good chance," Trump said.
When asked about possible concessions that might be required to secure a cease-fire, Trump said that "we'll be talking about land. We'll be talking about power plants."
"I think we have a lot of it already discussed very much by both sides, Ukraine and Russia. We're already talking about that, dividing up certain assets."
The Kremlin did not immediately comment.
Trump has made a priority during the first months of his second term in office to bring about a cease-fire agreement in the three-year war in Ukraine.
After holding talks in Saudi Arabia, Ukrainian and US officials announced on March 11 that Kyiv had agreed to a 30-day cease-fire proposal, contingent on Russia's agreement.
Moscow has so far reacted coolly to the idea, with Putin suggesting additional conditions, including a freeze on US weapons supplies to Kyiv.
Meanwhile, a top Russian official said Moscow will insist Ukraine not be allowed to join NATO and remain “neutral” in any peace deal -- conditions Kyiv has long rejected.
One of the Kremlin's original grievances in justifying its February 2022 invasion continues to be one of Kyiv's central demands: NATO membership.
On March 14, Putin had said any agreement should lead to long-term peace that addresses the "root" reasons for the war -- an apparent reference to NATO expansion and other developments Putin claims have put Russia's security in jeopardy.
In remarks published on March 17, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Aleksandr Grushko told the Russian daily Izvestia that "we will demand that ironclad security guarantees become part of this agreement."
"Part of these guarantees should be the neutral status of Ukraine, the refusal of NATO countries to accept it into the alliance," he said.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has often stressed that for Kyiv to accept any peace deal it must come with security guarantees for Ukraine from its Western partners, including eventual NATO membership.
"I have insisted [on Ukraine's membership in] NATO, but you know what the answers have been," he said in February, suggesting that the path to joining the Western military alliance remains obstructed.
On March 16, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in a CBS interview that a final peace accord would "involve a lot of hard work, concessions from both Russia and Ukraine," adding that it would be difficult to even start such talks "as long as they're shooting at each other."
Separately in March 17, French President Emmanuel Macron and new Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney met in Paris and "reaffirmed their unwavering support for Ukraine as it continues to resist Russia’s unjustifiable war of aggression," according to a joint statement.
Meanwhile, Zelenskyy on March 16 shook up his military leadership, appointing Major General Andriy Hnatov as Ukraine's new chief of the General Staff, replacing Lieutenant-General Anatoliy Barhilevych, as Kyiv looks to speed the pace of reform and reorganization.
"We are consistently changing the armed forces to make them even more combat ready. To achieve it, we are changing the management system and introducing clear standards," Defense Minister Rustem Umerov said
The statement said Barhilevych, who was appointed to the post in February 2024, will now serve as inspector general of the Defense Ministry. Barhilevych replaced Lieutenant General Serhiy Shaptala when he took the post on the General Staff in 2024.
On the battlefield, Russian forces launched what appeared to be a major drone strike on the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, on March 16 as explosions were heard in various districts.
Mayor Vitali Klitschko said air-defense units were attempting to knock out the drones and warned residents to “stay in shelters.”
In the Sumy region, authorities said one person was killed and two injured when explosive devices dropped from a Russian drone and mortar fire hit an apartment building in the Bilopillia community.
In Russia's Kursk region, Russian forces continued their drive to force Ukrainian troops from territory they had captured in a stunning cross-border offensive last August.
Latest estimates put the area under Ukrainian control at about 110 square kilometers, down from a peak of nearly 1,400 square kilometers last year. Fierce battles raged in the region, making it difficult to confirm any claims by either side.
With reporting by RFE/RL's Ukrainian Service and Reuters
Mayor Resigns After Deadly North Macedonia Nightclub Blaze
KOCANI, North Macedonia -- The mayor of a town in North Macedonia where dozens were killed in a nightclub fire has resigned.
Ljupco Papazov, the mayor of Kocani, submitted his resignation on March 17, two days after a blaze killed at least 59 people and injured 155 others. Over 40 people remain in critical condition.
Papazov denied any personal culpability and pledged to cooperate with the police in Kocani, which has been gripped by anger and grief.
Protesters took to the streets on March 17, demanding justice for the victims and accusing local officials of corruption.
Officials said a pyrotechnic display used during a concert ignited the fire in the crowded club, which authorities say they suspect did not have proper license to operate.
Interior Minister Pance Toskovski said on March 16 that the police have so far detained 15 people over the blaze, including the owner of the venue and former government officials.
Toskovski added that the authorities have “a reason to believe graft and corruption were involved in this case.”
He said the ceiling at the Pulse nightclub was made of flammable material that caught fire from the pyrotechnic sparks and that thick smoke quickly spread throughout the building. Video posted on social media showed towering flames reaching up out of the building's roof.
"There were about 500 people in the club -- 250 tickets had been sold," he said.
Prosecutor Ljupco Kocevski confirmed, without providing details, that former Economics Minister Kreshnik Bekteshi had been called in for questioning.
Relatives and friends of victims crowded outside local hospitals and city offices, trying to get more information.
Aleksandar Mishev said he and others noticed the flames after the fire erupted and ran toward the nightclub, as young people were fleeing in panic.
"About 10 to 20 young people, we carried them to the hospital, took them out of there and then took them to the hospital," he told RFE/RL.
"I know many of them. And those I don’t know, I know their parents," another man, Stojan Guvchevski, said. "It's terrible."
“The loss of so many young lives is irreparable, and the pain of the families, loved ones and friends is immeasurable,” Prime Minister Hristijan Mickoski said in a post on X.
Kocani, with a population of some 25,000, is located about 100 kilometers east of the capital, Skopje.
North Macedonia, a country of 1.8 million people, has land borders with Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Serbia, is a member of NATO, and has aspirations of joining the European Union.
The leaders of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Albania were among those sending messages of condolences following the tragedy.
EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas expressed "deep regret" over the disaster. "Deep sorrow for the tragic fire, which claimed too many young lives in Kocani," she said in a statement.
US Ambassador Angela Aggeler sent condolences to the families and loved ones of those killed in the fire.
"My heart breaks this morning for the many victims of last night's fire at a nightclub in Kocani," she said.
"Our deepest condolences go to the victims and their loved ones at this awful time, and wishes for a speedy recovery to those who were injured. The loss of so many young lives in one community is a terrible tragedy."
"I have offered any assistance and the full resources of the US Embassy to the prime minister, as well as our prayers for all those who suffer today," she added.
- By RFE/RL
US Officials Pledge To Keep Hitting Huthi Targets In Yemen
U.S. officials vowed to continue hitting Huthi targets in Yemen after launching air strikes aimed at curbing the group’s attacks on maritime shipping and naval vessels in the Gulf region.
Speaking on CBS News on March 16, Secretary of State Marco Rubio also signaled that there were no imminent plans to send US troops to directly engage the Huthis, which Washington has designated a terrorist group.
"I don't think there's a necessity for it right now,” he said.
"This was [also] a message to Iran — don't keep supporting [the Huthis] because you will also be responsible for what they are doing in attacking Navy ships and attacking global shipping," he said.
The March 15 overnight attack – which included fighter jets launched from a US aircraft carrier in the Red Sea and missile barrages— killed at least 12 civilians, Huthi authorities said, though the toll could not be independently confirmed.
"Huthi attacks on American ships & aircraft (and our troops!) will not be tolerated; and Iran, their benefactor, is on notice,” Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth wrote on X:
The barrage followed warnings from President Donald Trump that "hell will rain down upon" the Huthis if they continue firing missiles on ships in the Gulf region, and at Israel.
"They have waged an unrelenting campaign of piracy, violence, and terrorism against American, and other, ships, aircraft, and drones," he wrote.
The strikes in Yemen appeared to be the largest US military operation in the Middle East since Trump took office on January 20. Media outlets quoted US officials as saying the strike “is not a one-day event -- this is the first of many days if not weeks of strikes."
Huthi rebels have launched dozens of attacks on shipping over the past 18 months, claiming they are intended to support Palestinians over Israel's war in Gaza.
Many shipping firms have been forced to change their courses to longer and more expensive routes to avoid the Gulf region.
Hossein Salami, the commander of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, denied Tehran's involvement in Huthi operations.
"Iran will never start a war... but if anyone threatens us," he was quoted as telling state media. Iran "will give appropriate, decisive and final responses."
"I warn all enemies that we will respond to any threat, if it takes on a practical aspect, with a stubborn, decisive, and destructive response," he said.
The US president has ratcheted up pressure on Tehran since taking office in January, seeking to bring it back to negotiations aimed at curtailing its nuclear ambitions.
The White House last week sent Tehran a new proposal regarding its nuclear program but Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has so far rejected the proposal.
With reporting by RFE/RL's Radio Farda and Reuters
Baluch Militants Attack Pakistani Security Convoy, Killing At Least 5
Baluch militants attacked a Pakistani security convoy, killing at least five people, officials said, the latest in a series of attacks in troubled regions bordering Afghanistan.
The March 16 attack came days after another group of Baluch militants hijacked a train and held hostages for 36 hours, a major escalation in its fight against national authorities in Islamabad.
Officials told RFE/RL's Radio Mashaal that a convoy of Pakistani paramilitary troops was passing through the Noshki district in the province of Balochistan when it was attacked. Three security soldiers were killed, along with two civilians. Reuters cited unnamed officials as saying the attack involved a suicide truck bomb.
The Baloch Liberation Army -- which has been declared a terrorist organization by the United States, the European Union, and others -- claimed more than 90 soldiers were killed in the attack.
A vast and resource-rich province, Balochistan has been plagued by insurgency for over two decades, led mainly by the Baloch Liberation Army, and allied separatist groups seeking independence from Islamabad.
The incident came five days after militants seized a passenger train in a remote mountain pass, killing 31 soldiers and civilians, the military said. It was first time the group had hijacked a train, which experts said was a sign of escalation of its fight with Islamabad.
Pakistani authorities have struggled to crack down on growing violence in the border regions, which they say stems in part from militants taking shelter across the border in Afghanistan.
Baluch nationalists blame Pakistan for committing grave rights abuses while trying to suppress the insurgency. They also accused Islamabad of exploiting natural resources without benefiting local communities.
At Least 59 Killed At Nightclub Fire In North Macedonia
KOCANI, North Macedonia -- At least 59 people were killed when fireworks sparked a blaze during a concert at a crowded nightclub in the eastern town of Kocani, officials said.
More than 150 people were hospitalized, some with severe burns, Interior Minister Panche Toshkovski told a news conference on March 16.
The fire -- one of the deadliest in decades in North Macedonia -- broke out when a pyrotechnic display was used during a concert by the band DNA late on March 15, Toshkovski told reporters.
He said it appeared that the ceiling at the Pulse nightclub was made of flammable material that caught fire from the pyrotechnic sparks and thick smoke quickly spread throughout the building. Video posted on social media late on March 15 showed towering flames reaching up out of the building's roof.
Toshkovski also said an arrest warrant had been issued for four people, though he declined to identify them.
Relatives and friends of victims crowded outside local hospitals and city offices, trying to get more information.
Aleksandar Mishev said he and others noticed the flames after the fire erupted and ran toward the nightclub, as young people were fleeing in panic.
"About 10 to 20 young people, we carried them to the hospital, took them out of there and then took them to the hospital,“ he told RFE/RL.
"I know many of them. And those I don’t know, I know their parents," another man, Stojan Guvchevski, said. "It's terrible."
“The loss of so many young lives is irreparable, and the pain of the families, loved ones and friends is immeasurable,” Prime Minister Hristijan Mickoski said in a post to X.
North Macedonia's public prosecutor's office said in a statement that "all competent services, including a public prosecutor from the Basic Public Prosecutor's Office in Kocani, are on the scene."
"The number of victims and injured in the fire is being determined," it said.
Kocani, with a population of around 25,000, is about 100 kilometers east of the capital, Skopje.
Serbia's Vucic Says Government Gets 'The Message' After Biggest Protest In Decades
BELGRADE -- President Aleksandar Vucic acknowledged the "enormous negative energy and anger" directed at authorities as the Serbian capital witnessed its biggest public protest in decades.
With public ire fueled by allegations that official corruption played a role in a deadly train station accident in November, Vucic tried to position himself as responsive to public demands.
"We will have to change ourselves," Vucic told a news conference late on March 15.
"All people in the government have to understand the message when this many people gather. We will have to change ourselves," he said.
Authorities had estimated the crowd size at between 88,000 and 107,000. However, the Archive of Public Gatherings, an informal organization, put the number of people participating at between 275,000 and 325,000.
The outpouring of crowds was one of the largest Serbia has witnessed in decades.
Protesters skirmished with riot police at several locations in Belgrade, throwing fireworks and bottles.
Minor incidents were reported around 7 p.m. near Pioneer Park, where students had set up a camp, after which participants announced an end to the protest for the night.
A group of people later continued to light torches at the Serbian parliament building as police stood nearby. Most protesters left the area by 11 p.m.
The demonstration was the largest in a wave of student-led protests demanding Vucic's government be held accountable for a deadly cement canopy collapse at a railway station in November.
Vucic also insisted the majority of citizens do not want a "color revolution." That's a term referring to public uprisings in places like Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan that have led to the ouster of governments. The popular protests that paved the way for the ouster of Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic in 2000 are also sometimes classified as a "color revolution" as well.
Earlier in the day on March 15, flag-waving demonstrators gathered at several locations and converged outside the parliament, in what appeared to be one of the country's biggest protests in decades.
"Look how many of us there are," one student told protesters. "Let your voice wake up Serbia."
Participants had streamed into the capital from across the country on foot, bicycles, and motorcycles ahead of the demonstration. Supporters and fellow protesters, including students from Belgrade, laid out a red carpet and cheered as people entered the city center.
Vucic also said 56 people were injured during the protest but none with life-threatening injuries.
He said 22 protesters had been arrested for crimes against property and for assaulting police officers and other people. The number could not immediately be confirmed.
The November 1 collapse of the cement canopy at the railway station in the northern town of Novi Sad has led to what may be the biggest challenge yet to Vucic's political power. Fifteen people were killed in that incident.
Student protests over the accident have evolved into a broader movement opposing what demonstrators say is the crumbling rule of law and systemic corruption under Vucic, the president since 2017 and prime minister for three years before that.
Student protesters have been demonstrating and blocking their university departments for over three months. Tens of thousands of people have taken to the streets to demonstrate in over 200 cities and towns.
Ljiljana Kovacevic, a teacher from the northern town of Vrbas, told RFE/RL that she came to Belgrade to support the students, her former pupils.
"We hope everything will go smoothly and the students will achieve their goals -- along with us," she said.
The parliament speaker announced a day before the protest that the parliament building would remain closed until March 17 for security reasons.
Government officials accused the protest organizers of planning violence and announced arrests. Students denied the authorities' claims and called for a peaceful gathering.
- By RFE/RL
US Launches Large-Scale Attack On Huthi Rebels, Warns Iran To End Support
The US military has launched a large-scale attack against Iran-linked Huthi fighters in Yemen and warned Tehran that it must immediately cease support for US-designated terrorist group.
The March 15 attack -- conducted by warplanes from a US aircraft carrier in the Red Sea -- came after President Donald Trump warned the Huthis that "hell will rain down upon you" if they do not stop their extremist actions, including attacks on shipping in the Gulf region and missile launches against Israel.
Trump also warned Iran that "America will hold you fully accountable and, we won't be nice about it!" as it ratchets up pressure to force Tehran back to the negotiating table over its nuclear program.
Trump posted on his social media platform that he had "ordered the United States Military to launch decisive and powerful Military action against the Huthi terrorists in Yemen."
"They have waged an unrelenting campaign of piracy, violence, and terrorism against American, and other, shops, aricraft, and drones."
The US president referred to the Huthi as "thugs" who are "funded by Iran."
US State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce said Secretary of State Marco Rubio had spoken by phone with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and informed him of the military operation.
The strikes in Yemen appear to be the largest US military operation in the Middle East since Trump took office on January 20. Media outlets quoted US officials as saying the strike “is not a one-day event -- this is the first of many days if not weeks of strikes."
Huthi officials said at least 12 civilians were killed and another nine injured in the US attacks, but the claims could not be independently confirmed. The officials vowed revenge, without being specific.
Reuters quoted a resident, who gave his name as Abdullah Yahia, as saying that "the explosions were violent and shook the neighborhood like an earthquake."
Huthi rebels have launched dozens of attacks on shipping over the past 18 months, claiming they are in support of Palestinians over Israel's war in Gaza with Hamas, which has been designated a terrorist organization by the United States and European Union.
The Huthis have also struck shipping vessels, claiming they are only targeting Israeli ships but hitting a number of others registered elsewhere. Many shipping firms have been forced to change their courses to longer and more expensive routes to avoid the violence.
The US Central Command said the action was the beginning of large-scale "operation consisting of precision strikes against Iran-backed Huthi targets across Yemen in order to restore freedom of navigation."
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth wrote on X: "Huthi attacks on American ships & aircraft (and our troops!) will not be tolerated; and Iran, their benefactor, is on notice."
"Freedom of Navigation will be restored," he added.
Meanwhile, Trump wrote on social media that "we will use overwhelming lethal force until we have achieved our objective."
The Huthis on March 11 warned they would resume attacks on Israeli ships in the region, ending a period of relative calm that followed the January cease-fire agreement reached by Israel and Hamas in Gaza.
The action also comes as Washington steps up pressure on Iran to reenter talks over its nuclear program.
The White House on March 9 warned Tehran that it can be dealt with either through military means or by negotiating a deal regarding its nuclear program, remarks that came hours after Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei rejected a US proposal for negotiations between the two bitter rivals.
During his first term in office, Trump withdrew the United States from a 2015 nuclear accord between Iran and world powers and reimposed sanctions that had been lifted under its terms. Trump said the terms of that deal were not strong enough to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.
Since returning to office in January, Trump has reinstated his "maximum pressure" campaign that was the cornerstone of his Iran policy in his first term, with the aim of slashing Tehran's oil exports to "zero." Experts say the United States is unlikely to be able to stop Iran's oil sales entirely but will be able to substantially reduce it.
Huthi rebels in 2014 seized much of Yemen's northwest and its capital, Sanaa, leading to a war that has killed tens of thousands of people and created a humanitarian nightmare in the Arab world's poorest country.
Many observers described the hostilities as a "proxy war" between Saudi- and Iranian-led groups. Saudi Arabia supports the nationally recognized government that the Huthi rebels seek to overthrow.
With reporting by Reuters
Thousands Of Hungarian Opposition Supporters Rally; PM Orban Vows Crackdown On Media
Thousands of Hungarians rallied in Budapest to protest Prime Minister Viktor Orban as the leader of the surging opposition Tisza party vowed to end Orban's 15-year rule.
Orban, meanwhile, stepped up his campaign rhetoric in a separate speech on March 15, pledging to crack down on politicians and journalists who receive foreign funding and again ruling out European Union membership for Ukraine
Hungary is scheduled to hold general elections next year, and opinion polls show the Tisza party, which is headed by former Orban ally Peter Magyar, is surging, in part because of the country’s sputtering economy.
As more than 50,000 backers of Tisza and others rallied in cold weather in Budapest, Magyar pledged to release a popular survey on 12 key economic and political issues in order to hear the "voice of the nation."
"Those who cheat on their own nation should end up in the dustbin of history," Magyar told the crowd. "Our time has come."
Earlier in the day, at a rally to mark the country’s national day, Orban vowed to eliminate what he called a "shadow army" of non-governmental organizations, journalists, and politicians he said were paid from the United States and Brussels.
The comments echoed earlier comments where Orban targeted NGOs and media who received funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development and billionaire George Soros.
"After today's celebrations, comes the big Easter cleaning up as the bugs have survived the winter," Orban said. "We will eliminate the whole shadow army."
Orban’s Fidesz party has proposed constitutional changes that would permit the expulsion of dual citizens deemed to pose a threat to Hungary's sovereignty.
With reporting by Reuters
- By RFE/RL
Trump Signs Executive Order For Major Cuts To 7 Agencies, Including RFE/RL Overseer USAGM
U.S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order that aims to reduce seven federal agencies – including the US Agency for Global Media (USAGM), which oversees Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and other federal broadcasters.
The order, signed late on March 14, also targets agencies that deal with homelessness, labor disputes, and community development.
“Within 7 days of the date of this order, the head of each governmental entity listed [in the order] shall submit a report to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget confirming full compliance with this order and explaining which components or functions of the governmental entity, if any, are statutorily required and to what extent,” the order says.
Hours after the executive order was published, media reports circulated a letter from the USAGM saying the Congress-approved grant that funds RFE/RL had been terminated.
The letter was signed by Kari Lake, who lists her title as senior adviser to the (USAGM) acting CEO with authorities delegated by acting CEO.
Lake has been nominated by Trump to take over as head of Voice of America, though her nomination must still be approved by the International Broadcasting Advisory Board.
RFE/RL President and Chief Executive Officer Stephen Capus said cancelling the grant agreement would be "a massive gift to America’s enemies."
"The Iranian Ayatollahs, Chinese communist leaders, and autocrats in Moscow and Minsk would celebrate the demise of RFE/RL after 75 years. Handing our adversaries a win would make them stronger and America weaker," he said in a statement.
"We’ve benefitted from strong bipartisan support throughout RFE/RL’s storied history. Without us, the nearly 50 million people in closed societies who depend on us for accurate news and information each week won’t have access to the truth about America and the world,” Capus added.
The USAGM is an independent US government agency that oversees the broadcasting of news and information in almost 50 languages to some 361 million people each week.
The total budget request for the USAGM for Fiscal Year 2025 was $950 million to fund all of its operations and capital investments.
This includes media outlets such as RFE/RL, Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, the Office of Cuba Broadcasting (Radio Marti), Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN) and the Open Technology Fund.
According to media reports, VOA employees were informed early on March 15 that they had been put on administrative leave with pay, though if they are asked to work, they must do so.
The situation at the other broadcasters was not immediately clear.
“It is outrageous that the White House is seeking to gut the Congress-funded agency supporting independent journalism that challenges narratives of authoritarian regimes around the world,” Carlos Martinez de la Serna, program director at the Committee to Protect Journalists, said in a statement on March 15.
“We call on congressional leaders to protect this critical agency, which provides uncensored news in countries where the press is restricted.”
Trump, who has taken several moves to slash government spending since taking office for a second term in January, clashed with the USAGM over editorial independence and the direction of programming during his first term.
He has reiterated those concerns again since retaking office. Supporters of the broadcasters say they are an important arm of US diplomacy.
In addition to the USAGM, the order targets Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in the Smithsonian Institution, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund; and the Minority Business Development Agency.
Romanian Far-Right Candidate Cleared For Ballot In May Election Rerun
Election authorities have cleared an ultranationalist party leader to run in Romania's May presidential election, days after the Constitutional Court upheld a decision to bar far-right populist Calin Georgescu from the ballot.
The Central Electoral Board (BEC) approved the candidacy of George Simion, leader of the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR) and an ally of Georgescu's. The March 15 ruling came one day after Simion filed his application for registration as a candidate.
Simion and Anamaria Gavrila, leader of the far-right Party of Young People (POT) and a former AUR member, announced earlier this week they would both seek to enter the race and that if both are cleared, one will withdraw. Gavrila was expected to file her application on March 15, the deadline to do so.
Also on March 15, the BEC rejected the candidacy of another far-right politician, SOS Romania party leader Diana Sosoaca, and approved the candidacy of pro-European centrist Elena Lasconi. Sosoaca had also been rejected when the election was initially held in November.
Georgescu, who is critical of NATO and opposes Romanian support for Ukraine against Russia's invasion, was the surprise winner of the most votes in the first round of the election, on November 24. Simion placed fourth.
After that vote, Romanian intelligence said foreign actors, most likely Russia, had manipulated social media platforms, especially TikTok, to benefit Georgescu. On December 6, with a runoff in pitting Georgescu against Lasconi already under way, the Constitutional Court threw out the entire presidential election.
It was later rescheduled for May, with the first round on May 4 and a runoff, if needed, on May 18.
Supporters of Georgescu have held several protests over the decision to bar him from the ballot.
On March 15, demonstrators from the other side of the political divide held a rally in Bucharest to voice solidarity with what they said are European values.
Tens Of Thousands Fill Belgrade Streets In Massive Serbian Student-Led Protest
BELGRADE -- Tens of thousands of people jammed the streets of central Belgrade, the largest in a wave of student-led demonstrations demanding Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic's government be held accountable for a deadly canopy collapse at a railway station in November.
Protesters skirmished with riot police at several locations in Belgrade late March 15, throwing fireworks and bottles. No arrests were reported immediately.
Earlier, flag-waving demonstrators gathered at several locations and converged outside parliament, in what appeared to be one of the country's biggest protests in decades. Speakers later addressed the crowd at a square hundreds of meters away.
"Look how many of us there are," one student told protesters. "Let your voice wake up Serbia."
Participants had streamed into the capital from across the country on foot, bicycles, and motorcycles ahead of the demonstration. Supporters and fellow protesters, including students from Belgrade, laid out a red carpet and cheered as people entered the city center.
The atmosphere among protesters was upbeat, but security was tight and there were scattered incidents of violence ahead of the main rally.
The November 1 collapse of the canopy at the railway station in the northern town of Novi Sad has led to what may be the biggest challenge yet to Vucic's political power. Fifteen people were killed.
At a news conference a day earlier, Vucic said he had asked police to show restraint but that "those who endanger peace will be arrested."
Student protests over the accident have evolved into a broader movement opposing what demonstrators say is the crumbling rule of law and systemic corruption under Vucic, the president since 2017 and prime minister for three years before that.
Student protesters have been demonstrating and blocking their university departments for over three months. Tens of thousands of people have taken to the streets to demonstrate in over 200 cities and towns.
Ljiljana Kovacevic, a teacher from the northern town of Vrbas, told RFE/RL that she came to Belgrade to support the students, her former pupils.
"We hope everything will go smoothly and the students will achieve their goals -- along with us," she said.
The parliament speaker announced a day before the protest that the parliament building would remain closed until March 17 for security reasons.
Government officials accused the protest organizers of planning violence and announced arrests. Students denied the authorities' claims and called for a peaceful gathering.
Large groups of Vucic supporters camped in a park near across from parliament, and tractors were brought in overnight to surround their camp. By morning, however, many of the tractors’ tires were deflated and some of the vehicles bore stickers depicting a bloody hand and a call to protests.
Police said some of the tractors had suffered other damage such as windows smashed or doors torn off. The Interior Ministry said two people had been arrested on suspicion of violating public order.
Police in riot gear blocked entrance to the park, and security guards from the ranks of the students were positioned between police and protesters.
Separately, footage posted online showed a car driving amid a crowd in a Belgrade suburb and a woman falling to the ground off the vehicle's hood. Police said three people were injured and the driver was arrested after exerting "active resistance."
A group of men injured a student and a university lecturer in an attack in central Belgrade early in the day, police said.
- By RFE/RL
Russia, Ukraine Exchange Strikes As US, European Leaders Push For Cease-Fire
France's president said Russia should not have a veto of any deployment of foreign peacekeepers to Ukraine as part of a cease-fire deal.
Speaking in an interview with several French newspapers, Emmanuel Macron also said any peacekeeping force would consist of "a few thousand troops per country" to be deployed at several locations. Several European and non-European countries had expressed interest, he said.
"Ukraine is sovereign. If it asks for allied forces to be on its territory, it's not something for Russia to accept or not," Macron said in the interview published late on March 15.
Macron's comments come as European leaders struggle to reach an agreement on the contours of a possible peacekeeping mission.
After holding talks in Saudi Arabia, Ukrainian and US officials announced on March 11 that Kyiv had agreed to a 30-day cease-fire proposal, contingent on Russia's agreement.
Moscow has so far reacted coolly to the idea, with President Vladimir Putin suggesting additional conditions, including a freeze on US weapons supplies to Kyiv.
Putin also said questions that must be addressed include what happens in Russia's Kursk region, where Ukrainian forces have been losing ground in recent weeks after a surprise incursion last August, and who might monitor the cease-fire.
Russia has said the deployment of NATO troops would be unacceptable, casting a shadow over Western plans for a potential deployment.
Earlier on March 15, British Prime Minister Keir pledged a "willing" coalition of Western countries would also draft plans to protect Ukraine.
At a news conference after a virtual meeting with leaders from 25 other countries and entities, Starmer said Putin's "yes, but" response to the US cease-fire proposal is "not enough."
"If Putin is serious about peace, it's very simple: He has to stop his barbaric attacks on Ukraine and agree to a cease-fire," Starmer said on the video call, which included leaders of European nations as well as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, but not the United States.
"If Russia finally comes to the table, then we must be ready to monitor a cease-fire to ensure it is a serious and enduring peace," Starmer said in a statement. "If they don't, then we need to strain every sinew to ramp up economic pressure on Russia to secure an end to this war."
After the video call, Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, urged Ukraine's Western backers to set out "a clear position on security guarantees," including a potential force to be deployed.
"Peace will be more reliable with European contingents on the ground and the American side as a backstop," he wrote on X.
Overnight, Ukraine and Russia battered each other with drones and missiles, while on the battlefield Russian troops continued their drive to push Ukrainian forces out of Russia's Kursk region.
At least three people were injured in the Russian border region of Belgorod when Ukrainian drones hit a private home in the town of Gubkin, igniting a fire at the site, Governor Vyacheslav Gladkov said.
Voronezh Governor Aleksandr Gusev said air-defense units in three districts had destroyed more than 15 Ukrainian drones. There were no immediate reports of casualties, he said.
Meanwhile, in the Ukrainian town of Nikopol, a 70-year-old woman was killed by artillery, local military administrator Serhiy Lysak reported.
In Chernihiv, local authorities said Russian drones had hit a five-story building, destroying the top two floors. Casualty figures were not immediately available, with officials saying rescue services were at the site.
Ukrainian media also reported a number of explosions were seen near the capital, Kyiv, after authorities issued a warning of possible drone attacks in the region.
Ukraine's biggest private energy provider, DTEK, said on March 15 that Russian air strikes caused "significant" damage to its energy facilities in the Dnipropetrovsk and Odesa regions and that some consumers in both regions were left without power.
Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, after seizing Crimea and fomenting war in Ukraine's eastern Donbas region eight years earlier.
President Donald Trump, who has made ending the war a prominent goal, dispatched a key envoy, Steve Witkoff, to meet with Putin in Moscow days after the US-Ukrainian talks in Riyadh.
Speaking on CNN on March 16, Witkoff described his meetings with Putin, which he said lasted around three to four hours as "a solutions-based discussion." He also said he expected Trump and Putin to speak on the phone in the coming week.
"The two sides are today a lot closer," he said. "We've narrowed the differences."
With reporting by RFE/RL's Ukrainian Service and Reuters
- By RFE/RL
US Joins G7 Allies In 'Unwavering Support' For Ukraine, Cease-Fire Effort
The United States joined with its Group of Seven (G7) allies in stating "our unwavering support" for Kyiv and welcoming the ongoing efforts to reach a cease-fire as Russia intensifies attacks as part of its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
"We reaffirmed our unwavering support for Ukraine in defending its territorial integrity and right to exist, and its freedom, sovereignty, and independence," the foreign ministers of the leading industrial nations said in a joint statement on March 14.
The statement was signed by host Canada and the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan, along with the high representative of the European Union.
It said the group also "welcomed ongoing efforts to achieve a cease-fire, and in particular the meeting on March 11 between the US and Ukraine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."
"We applauded Ukraine's commitment to an immediate cease-fire, which is an essential step toward a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in line with the Charter of the United Nations," it added following the summit in Charlevoix, Quebec, Canada.
"We called for Russia to reciprocate by agreeing to a cease-fire on equal terms and implementing it fully. We discussed imposing further costs on Russia in case such a cease-fire is not agreed, including through further sanctions, caps on oil prices, as well as additional support for Ukraine, and other means."
Some members of the G7 had expressed concerns of the ability to show unity following tensions with the administration of US President Donald Trump, who has shown more willingness to negotiate with Russia and President Vladimir Putin.
"The goal was to keep strong G7 unity," Canadian Foreign Minister Melanie Joly said.
Trump on March 14 said he sees a "very good chance" for peace between Ukraine and Russia after "very good and productive discussions" between US officials and Putin.
"We had very good and productive discussions with President Vladimir Putin of Russia yesterday, and there is a very good chance that this horrible, bloody war can finally come to an end," Trump wrote.
His social media post came just hours after the Kremlin said it was "cautiously optimistic" following a meeting late on March 13 between Putin and US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff.
Kyiv agreed to Trump's 30-day cease-fire proposal at a meeting in Jeddah on March 11, putting the onus for peace on Moscow.
Putin said he agrees in principle with the US proposal for a temporary cease-fire with Ukraine, but added that "there are nuances," such as Western weapons deliveries to Kyiv, that he wants addressed first.
The Russian leader also said any agreement should lead to long-term peace that addresses the "root" reasons for the war -- an apparent reference to NATO expansion and other developments Putin claims have put Russia's security in jeopardy.
Questioning Putin's Motives
In a video posted late on March 13, Zelenskyy questioned Putin's motives, saying the Russian leader was preparing to reject the proposal but was afraid to tell Trump.
"That's why in Moscow they are imposing upon the idea of a cease-fire these conditions -- so that nothing happens at all, or so that it cannot happen for as long as possible," Zelenskyy said.
In its joint statement, the G7 said that "we emphasized that any cease-fire must be respected and underscored the need for robust and credible security arrangements to ensure that Ukraine can deter and defend against any renewed acts of aggression."
"We stated that we will continue to coordinate economic and humanitarian support to promote the early recovery and reconstruction of Ukraine," including at the Ukraine Recovery Conference that will take place in Rome on July 10-11.
The statement "condemned" the provision of military assistance by North Korea, which has supplied an estimated 11,000 troops, and Iran, which has delivered deadly drones used by Russia in Ukraine.
US Commends Armenia, Azerbaijan On Historic Peace Agreement
The United States has praised Armenia and Azerbaijan for concluding negotiations on a "historic peace treaty," marking a significant step toward ending decades of hostilities between the two nations.
Armenia and Azerbaijan finalized the text of a peace agreement on March 13, which is aimed at establishing formal relations.
"The United States commends Armenia and Azerbaijan for concluding negotiations on a historic peace treaty," said US Secretary of State Marco Rubio in a statement.
"This is an opportunity for both countries to turn the page on a decades-old conflict in line with President [Donald] Trump's vision for a more peaceful world.
Baku and Yerevan were locked in a conflict over Azerbaijan's breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh for years. Armenian-backed separatists seized the mainly Armenian-populated region from Azerbaijan during a war in the early 1990s that killed some 30,000 people.
Azerbaijan retook control of the Karabakh region from Armenian separatists in September 2023 following a lightning offensive.
In a Telegram post, the Armenian government said that the country's prime minister, Nikol Pashinian, had informed Russian President Vladimir Putin about the peace agreement during a telephone conversation.
In a statement, the Kremlin confirmed Pashinian's conversation with Putin, saying that the Russian president stressed that "Russia has always supported and continues to support the normalization of Armenian-Azerbaijani relations in the interests of ensuring security, stability, and sustainable socio-economic development in the Transcaucasian region."
Putin said that "Both Armenia and Azerbaijan can always count on any possible assistance from the Russian side in achieving these goals."
When Could The Peace Agreement Be Signed?
The key question now is when the agreement might be signed.
Azerbaijan insists that the treaty cannot be signed until Armenia amends its constitution and legal system to eliminate any mention of territorial claims over areas within Azerbaijan, primarily Karabakh.
The current Armenian Constitution's preamble refers to a 1990 declaration of independence, made while Armenia was still a part of the Soviet Union, which calls for the reunification of Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, which was then a part of Soviet Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan has argued that, as long as the claim to Karabakh remains enshrined in Armenian law, there will be a danger of governments after Pashinian going back on that declaration and relitigating its claims to Karabakh.
Speaking after the agreement, Pashinian played down the issue, saying that "the constitution of the Republic of Armenia does not have territorial claims against Azerbaijan or any other country." He expressed the view that "the agreed text of the peace agreement addresses and resolves all these concerns.”
However, Azerbaijani political commentator Rauf Mirgadirov told RFE/RL that the peace agreement would not be signed anytime soon.
"Any full-fledged peace agreement requires the unconditional recognition of each other's territorial integrity by the states. The probability that changes will be made to the Armenian Constitution in the next month or two is zero," Mirgadirov said.
Richard Giragosian, head of the Center for Regional Studies in Yerevan, agreed that constitutional amendments were a long-term process but not impossible to achieve.
"The constitutional amendments as a legal process will not be completed earlier than June 2026," he added.
There are other outstanding issues that could prevent the treaty being signed and relations normalized: the withdrawal of both sides' legal claims from international courts, unblocking regional transport routes, and addressing the status of prisoners of war.
In his statement, Rubio urged both sides to "commit to peace, sign and ratify the treaty, and usher in a new era of prosperity for the people of the South Caucasus."
The European Union also urged Armenia and Azerbaijan to sign the treaty as soon as possible after congratulating them on the peace agreement.
Kaja Kallas, the EU's foreign policy chief, commended both sides for their persistent work and said that the announcement of the peace agreement "represents a decisive step toward lasting peace and security in the region."
- By Maryan Kushnir and
- Kyrylo Lazarevych
US Weapons Still Firing On The Battlefield In Ukraine
US-made weapons continue to be actively used on Ukraine's battlefields despite a temporary pause in military aid from the United States.
Deliveries of ammunition and weapons resumed on March 12 after being suspended for just over a week.
The suspension followed an Oval Office row between US President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on February 28.
RFE/RL's Maryan Kushnir met frontline troops in the eastern Donetsk region in early March.
He found them using the US Paladin howitzer and Bradley fighting vehicles, as well as the M777 howitzer, which is manufactured in the United States and United Kingdom.
The weapons were under heavy and near constant use.
“The Ukrainian troops have opened intensive fire near [the town of] Kurakhove,” said Kushnir, standing next to a M777. “They've just fired more than 20 shells, and the firing hasn't stopped. This type of artillery arrived in 2022 from the United States. There are many such guns on the front line and they are used widely, as are NATO-caliber shells. The firing never stops, as you can see.”
The soldiers Kushnir interviewed said they believed the suspension of military aid had had little impact so far.
“As far as I know, we are manufacturing shells now, so I don't think we will have any problems with the supply,” one unnamed soldier told Kushnir. “And we will still have these guns, too. If something happens in the future, we can still repair them. They are being repaired and restored so we can use them again.”
“It's not just America that's helping us,” said another unnamed soldier. “We will hold out and this situation will stop.”
According to the Germany-based Kiel Institute for the World Economy, the United States supplied $67 billion of military aid between the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and December 2024.
Europe provide $65 billion in the same period.
Fedir Venislavsky, who sits on the defense committee of the Ukrainian parliament, estimated in early March that Ukraine’s weapons supplies would last just six months without US military aid.
- By RFE/RL
Trump Sees 'Very Good Chance' Of Peace After 'Productive' Talks With Putin
US President Donald Trump said he sees a "very good chance" for peace between Ukraine and Russia after "very good and productive discussions" between US officials and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
In a March 14 post on his Truth Social site, Trump also said the United States had urged Russia to spare the lives of "thousands" of Ukrainian soldiers that Putin has said have been isolated by Russian troops in Russia's Kursk region. Ukraine disputes that claim.
The post came just hours after the Kremlin said it was "cautiously optimistic" following a meeting late on March 13 between Putin and US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff.
"We had very good and productive discussions with President Vladimir Putin of Russia yesterday, and there is a very good chance that this horrible, bloody war can finally come to an end," Trump wrote.
Trump added that "thousands of Ukrainian troops are completely surrounded by the Russian military, and in a very bad and vulnerable position."
"I have strongly requested to President Putin that their lives be spared," he wrote. "This would be a horrible massacre, one not seen since World War II."
Putin said a day earlier that a group of Ukrainian troops were "isolated" in the Kursk region, the site of a surprise incursion by Ukrainian forces last August. Responding to Trump's plea on March 14, he said the soldiers' lives would be spared if they surrendered and urged Kyiv to order them to do so.
Officials in Kyiv have said that while Ukrainian forces have been slowly withdrawing in the Kursk region under heavy pressure from Russian troops, but the armed forces general staff said on March 14 that "[r]eports of the alleged 'encirclement' of Ukrainian units...in the Kursk region are false and fabricated."
"There is no threat of encirclement of our units," it said in a statement on social media.
Zelenskyy Challenges Putin's Motives
Earlier on March 14, Putin's spokesman said there were grounds for "cautious optimism" over Trump's 30-day cease-fire proposal, which Ukraine accepted earlier this week at talks with US officials in Saudi Arabia.
Ukraine, meanwhile, questioned Moscow's sincerity in ending the war, which is now in its fourth year since Russia's full-scale invasion on February 2022.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters in Moscow that Putin sent Trump a message about his cease-fire proposal after his talks with Witkoff in the Russian capital.
"When Mr Witkoff brings all the information to President Trump, we will determine the timing of a conversation (between Trump and Putin). There are reasons to be cautiously optimistic," Peskov said.
Putin said a day earlier that he agrees in principle with the US proposal for a temporary cease-fire with Ukraine, but added that "there are nuances," such as Western weapons deliveries to Kyiv, that he wants addressed first.
The Russian leader also said any agreement should lead to long-term peace that addresses the "root" reasons for the war, an apparent reference to NATO expansion and other developments Putin claims have put Russia's security in jeopardy.
In a video posted late on March 13, Zelenskyy questioned Putin's motives, saying the Russian leader was preparing to reject the proposal but was afraid to tell Trump.
"That's why in Moscow they are imposing upon the idea of a cease-fire these conditions -- so that nothing happens at all, or so that it cannot happen for as long as possible," Zelenskyy said.
He followed up on March 14 with a post on social media accusing the Kremlin of trying to "complicate and drag out the process."
"Russia is the only party that wants the war to continue and diplomacy to break down," he said on X after a call with the Secretary of State of the Holy See, cardinal Pietro Parolin.
Putin's Response To Trump's Pressure
Kyiv agreed to Trump's 30-day cease-fire proposal at a meeting in Jeddah on March 11, putting the onus for peace in Moscow's lap. Putin's response threw the ball back into US hands, at least to some degree.
Trump called Putin's initial reaction to peace talk developments "promising" but incomplete, though he added he hoped Russia would "do the right thing" and agree to the deal.
"I think the Russians are keen not to be seen as the intransigent party as that could lead to consequences from Trump, such as sanctions. So that informed Putin's comments today," John Hardie, deputy director of the Russia Program at Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a Washington-based think tank, told RFE/RL.
Trump has made ending the war in Ukraine a top priority since taking office for a second term less than two months ago, and is wielding US leverage to get both Kyiv and Moscow to the table.
On March 13, the US administration heightened pressure on Russia by increasing restrictions on the country's oil, gas, and banking sectors.
Among the measures, the Treasury Department was allowing the expiration of a 60-day exemption put in place in January by the Biden administration that let some energy transactions involving sanctioned Russian banks continue. The move would make it more difficult for other nations, especially in Europe, to buy Russian oil.
Meanwhile, the foreign ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) -- which includes the United States, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan -- said they discussed imposing more sanctions on Russia and boosting support for Ukraine if the Kremlin does not agree to the cease-fire.
Among the measures discussed during the March 13-14 meeting were caps on the price for Russian oil exports, they said in a joint statement. Western nations in late 2022 imposed a $60-a-barrel price cap on the export of Russian oil using Western ships or insurance. It is unclear if the G7 discussions touched on lowering the price cap. Russia's economy is heavily dependent on oil exports, which account for a third of federal budget revenues.
In a joint statement following the meeting, the G7 said that "we reaffirmed our unwavering support for Ukraine in defending its territorial integrity and right to exist, and its freedom, sovereignty, and independence."
"We welcomed ongoing efforts to achieve a ceasefire, and in particular the meeting on March 11 between the US and Ukraine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," it added.
Putin also said there were several unanswered questions in the proposal, such as what to do about Ukraine's incursion into Russia's Kursk region.
"If we have a cease-fire, does that mean that everyone there would leave?" Putin said. "Should we release them [Ukrainian troops] after they committed crimes against the population? Or would they surrender?"
Ukraine denies committing such crimes, saying it abides by humanitarian law and does not target civilians.
Why Should Russia Agree To A Cease-Fire?
Kyiv seized a swath of the Kursk region in a stealth incursion in August, a move seen as an effort to divert Russian forces from eastern Ukraine and use the territory as a bargaining chip in any peace talks.
That strategy is now failing as Russian forces supported by North Korean troops push the Ukrainians out of Kursk. Russia has regained more than half the territory in Kursk initially captured by Ukraine.
Zelenskyy told reporters on March 14 that the situation in Kursk was "obviously very difficult."
Among the other concerns Putin voiced about the cease-fire proposal is whether Ukraine would use the 30-day period to mobilize and train forces or rearm with the help of the West.
He also raised the question of how the nearly 2,000-kilometer front would be monitored. Zelenskyy told reporters that the front could be monitored by US satellites.
Experts had warned that Putin would likely seek to drag out cease-fire talks because his forces have the upper hand on the battlefield.
Aside from the advances in Kursk, Russia is gaining territory in eastern Ukraine -- albeit at high human and material costs -- due to its significant manpower advantage.
However, Zelenskyy said Ukraine has stopped Russian forces at the gates of Pokrovsk, a key logistical hub in Donetsk region, after months of fighting on the outskirts of the city. Zelenskyy asserted that the incursion into Kursk forced Russia to pull forces from eastern Ukraine, giving his troops time to defend the city.
Russia is seeking to capture at a minimum the entirety of the four regions of Ukraine it claims to have annexed in September 2022: Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhya, and Kherson. A cease-fire freezing the current front lines would leave them short of that goal.
"One way the Russians could slow down this process without coming out directly and saying 'no', is by dragging out those technical discussions on monitoring" the cease-fire, Hardie said.
"That could also give them ways to try to pin the blame back on Ukraine, by insisting on certain technical matters that Ukraine might find objectionable," he said.
Russian Accused Of Ukraine War Crimes Found Guilty In Finland
HELSINKI -- A court in Finland's capital, Helsinki, has convicted a Russian citizen on four charges of war crimes committed in eastern Ukraine in 2014.
Voislav Torden, a 38-year-old Russian ultranationalist earlier known as Yan Petrovsky, was given a life sentence.
Torden was linked to the deaths of 22 Ukrainian soldiers and the injury of four others.
Rarely does a court ruling on war crimes committed in Ukraine come from a jurisdiction outside of Ukraine.
What Crimes Did He Commit?
Torden, a former commander of the Rusich sabotage group, was fighting against Ukrainian forces in Ukraine's eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
The paramilitary unit has alleged ties to the Wagner mercenary group and embraces far-right ideology.
The Rusich group closely followed Torden's case and said it had raised money to pay for his lawyers.
According to prosecutors, in 2014, fighters led by Torden ambushed a group of Ukrainian soldiers, killing 22 and seriously injuring four.
Photos and video posted by Rusich group on social media apparently showed that some prisoners were executed. One of the prisoners had the Rusich group's symbol carved into his face.
Prosecutors accused Torden of violating the laws of war and committing acts of cruelty against both injured and deceased enemy combatants, according to the indictment.
Torden has denied all the charges and will appeal the ruling.
Why Was Torden Tried In Finland?
Born Yan Petrovsky in 1987 in St. Petersburg, Torden relocated to Oslo in 2004 with his mother. He then regularly visited Russia, where he met former paratrooper and nationalist Aleksandr Milchakov.
In 2014, they traveled to Ukraine’s Donbas region to support Russia-backed separatists in their fight against Ukrainian forces.
Torden was deported from Norway to Russia in 2016, where he took the name Voislav Torden instead of Yan Petrovsky.
He entered Finland in 2023 as a family member of his wife, who had obtained a study permit.
Torden was detained at Helsinki Airport on July 20, 2023, as he attempted to board a flight to France.
Following his arrest, Ukrainian authorities sought his extradition, but Finland's Supreme Court denied the request, citing concerns over conditions in Ukrainian prisons and the potential for Torden to face humiliation in custody.
Ukraine's Prosecutor-General's Office hailed the court decision, saying the case "marks a key milestone in holding perpetrators of grave violations of international humanitarian law accountable."
With reporting by Reuters
- By Maja Zivanovic and
- Predrag Zvijerac
Bosnian Serb Leader Dodik Once Again Moves Country Closer To The Brink
Following state prosecutors in Bosnia-Herzegovina ordering the arrest of Serb separatist leader Milorad Dodik, Republika Srpska has adopted a draft of a new constitution.
The new constitution would redefine the Serb entity as a state of the Serbian people, grant it the right to self-determination, and establish its own army.
These provisions would be directly in conflict with the Bosnian Constitution and the Dayton peace accords, which established Republika Srpska as one of Bosnia's two entities.
The situation has moved what some call the world’s most-complicated democracy closer to the brink, a place Dodik has brought it to before.
But it wasn’t always that way.
The 66-year-old's political career began in the context of a tumultuous period marked by the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent Bosnian War (1992–1995).
He was elected prime minister of the Republika Srpska -- one of Bosnia-Herzegovina's two entities, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- for the first time in 1998 and served until 2001.
A 'Breath Of Fresh Air'
At the time, US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright called Dodik a “breath of fresh air” and “a gentleman who seems determined to do the right thing in Bosnia.”
His political career has since included various roles, including the presidency of Republika Srpska from 2010 to 2018.
His rise to power is often attributed to his ability to navigate the volatile political landscape, appealing to nationalist sentiments and presenting himself as a strong advocate for Serbian interests in Bosnia.
Dodik was seen a moderate who advocated for cooperation with the international community and a supporter of the peace agreement known as the Dayton Accords.
However, as he consolidated power and faced various challenges, including economic difficulties and ethnic tensions, his stance shifted towards a more nationalist and confrontational rhetoric.
By the mid-2000s, Dodik began to embrace a more populist image, focusing on the assertion of Republika Srpska’s autonomy.
His government made headlines for its increasingly defiant positions against the central authorities in Sarajevo, and he often criticized the High Representative for Bosnia-Herzegovina, a position established by the Dayton Agreement to oversee the implementation of peace and reforms.
Dodik's tactics included promoting the idea of a referendum on the independence of Republika Srpska, appealing to a voter base that felt marginalized in the post-war political framework.
Throughout his tenure, Dodik has faced criticism for authoritarian tendencies, undermining democratic institutions, and fostering a culture of political patronage.
His administration has been characterized by a media environment that suppresses dissent and curtails press freedoms.
Supporters argue that he has brought stability and development to the entity, while opponents charge that his leadership has deepened divisions among the country's ethnic communities and eroded the state's institutional integrity.
Over the decades, Dodik has enjoyed support from the Serbian authorities, both current and former.
Asked about his close relationship with Belgrade, Stefan Blagic from ReStart Srpska, which closely follows politics in Republika Srpska, said, "He has always been a virtuoso in that Machiavellian sense."
"That is why he has been swimming for so long and that is why he has outlived other presidents of Serbia in the political sense," Blagic added.
While he is in power, Dodik will have the support of Serbia, whoever is in power in Belgrade, Blagic said.
Support from Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, he added, means a lot to the Republika Srpska leadership and also suits Belgrade.
"I don't know what reason they would give each other up," Blagic said.
Nationalist, Populist Realignment
In recent years, as tensions have risen in the Balkans and across Europe, Dodik has increasingly aligned himself with more nationalist and populist governments, reflecting a broader shift in the region.
His rhetoric has often included threats to withdraw Republika Srpska from Bosnia's state institutions, signaling a provocative stance that raises concerns about the potential for renewed conflict. Additionally, he has formed alliances with figures like Vladimir Putin, indicating a shift towards closer ties with Russia.
The Office of the High Representative (OHR) oversees the implementation of civilian aspects of Dayton.
Dodik, who is currently under US and U.K. sanctions for actions that Western governments say are aimed at the secession of Republika Srpska from Bosnia, has refused to implement several orders from the OHR, leading to the current crisis.
- By RFE/RL
China, Iran, Russia Demand End To US Sanctions On Tehran
China, Russia, and Iran demanded an end to Washington's "illegal, unilateral sanctions" on Tehran, after three-party talks on the Iranian nuclear issue in Beijing on March 14.
But a leading sanctions expert involved in past nuclear talks with Iran says lifting sanctions as a precursor to negotiations is neither likely nor advisable.
The meeting included Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov, and Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi.
"We conducted in-depth exchanges of views on the nuclear issue and the lifting of sanctions. We emphasized the necessity of ending all illegal unilateral sanctions," Ma said after the talks concluded.
"The relevant parties should work to eliminate the root causes of the current situation and abandon sanctions, pressure, and threats of the use of force," he added.
China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi, who welcomed the Iranian and Russian diplomats ahead of the meeting, was set to have his own meeting with them later during the day.
The Iranian position has been that it will not negotiate with the Trump as long as his "maximum pressure" campaign is in force and sanctions in place.
"I don't think there's any likelihood the Trump administration is going to drop sanctions against Iran just to talk. I wouldn't advise him to," said Richard Nephew, the lead sanctions expert for the US negotiating team that clinched a landmark nuclear deal with Iran in 2015.
"At the end of the day, that's a concession for a talk, as opposed to a concession for actual action," he added.
Tehran and Moscow have strengthened relations in recent years as Iran's disputes with the United States have mounted. Both nations have had close ties to China.
Moscow, which is engaged in efforts to normalize relations with Washington, has offered to mediate talks between the United States and the Islamic republic.
Both China and Russia have benefited from Iran's stand-off with the United States. China has been buying Iranian oil at a sharp discount while Russia has been using Iranian drones against Ukraine. But if tension with the United States spirals, it may have consequences that both Moscow and Beijing would want to avoid.
"I'm not sure that the Russians or the Chinese each have an interest in a deal. I think they have an interest in not having a bigger crisis," Nephew said.
This week, the three countries conducted naval drills in the Gulf of Oman near the strategic Strait of Hormuz in a show of force in the tense Middle East, with participating ships stopping at Iran's Chabahar Port.
Attention on Iran's nuclear issues has intensified in recent days after US President Donald Trump said he had sent a letter to Tehran urging a resumption of nuclear talks and warning of possible military action if Iran refused.
The Iranian Foreign Ministry on March 13 said it would conduct a "thorough assessment" before responding to Trump's letter.
"The letter was received last night and is currently being reviewed," spokesman Esmail Baqaei was quoted by the official IRNA news agency, adding: "A decision on how to respond will be made after a thorough assessment."
Trump, during his first term, quit the nuclear deal, which had imposed curbs on Iran's nuclear program in return for sanctions relief. Trump said the accord was not strong enough to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, and he accused Tehran of fomenting extremist violence in the region -- a charge denied by Iran.
China, Russia, Britain, France, and Germany had also signed the nuclear deal with Iran in 2015.
Following the US withdrawal in 2018, Tehran eventually started expanding its nuclear program, while efforts to reach a new accord through indirect talks have failed. Tehran claims its nuclear program is strictly for peaceful purposes.
Iran has floated the possibility of resuming indirect talks, but Nephew dismissed its viability.
"To be clear, I think indirect talks have been a disaster. It has been both a strategic mistake...as well as something that actually limits the possibility of negotiations being successful," he said, adding that Trump's letter was unlikely to change the Iranian position.
Meanwhile, the foreign ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) nations -- the United States, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan -- labeled Iran the "principal source of regional instability" in a joint statement on March 14.
They said Tehran "must never be allowed" to develop and acquire nuclear weapons, adding, "Iran must now change course, de-escalate and choose diplomacy."
The United States said on March 13 that it was sanctioning Iranian Oil Minister Mohsen Paknejad and a number of Hong Kong-flagged ships that are part of a shadow fleet "on which Iran depends to deliver its oil" to China. Tehran blasted the move, calling it "'hypocrisy."
With reporting by AFP and Reuters
- By Nathan Hodge
What Putin Really Means When He Talks About Long-Term Peace
Russian President Vladimir Putin buried the lead about whether he would agree to a US-brokered proposal for a 30-day cease-fire in Ukraine.
Asked during a joint news conference on March 13 with Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko how he viewed Ukraine’s willingness to take part in a cease-fire, the Kremlin leader gave a heavily qualified answer.
“We agree with the proposals to stop the hostilities, but we proceed from the fact that this cessation should be such that it would lead to long-term peace and eliminate the original causes of this crisis,” he said.
Putin then embarked on a lengthy digression about the military situation in Russia’s Kursk region, which Ukrainian forces invaded seven months ago but have lost substantial ground in recent days.
The Russian Defense Ministry has claimed control there of the town of Sudzha, and Putin boasted in the news conference that Russian forces had “complete isolation and complete fire control” over Ukrainian forces in the region.
Ukraine’s top commander said this week that Kyiv’s troops were “maneuvering to more favorable positions if necessary” – which experts said signaled a partial or possible complete withdrawal from the region.
That situation remains fluid, but Putin on March 12 used the opportunity to travel to the region -- conspicuously, and unusually, wearing military garb -- to strike the pose of a wartime leader.
That visit sent a bellicose signal to Washington. But in his remarks on March 13, Putin was slightly more conciliatory.
“The idea itself [of a cease-fire] is correct, and we certainly support it, but there are issues that we must discuss,” he said.
“I think that we need to talk to our American colleagues and partners about this, maybe call President [Donald] Trump and discuss it together," he said. "But the idea itself of ending this conflict by peaceful means is supported by us.”
The devil, of course, is in the details.
And it remains to be seen what concrete issues Putin wants to raise with Trump, who said he hoped Russia would "do the right thing" and agree to the deal. He also described Putin's comments as "promising" but incomplete.
“Putin’s position today rejects an unconditional cease-fire -- an uncomfortable stance that risks angering Trump and hindering the otherwise promising prospects of normalizing bilateral relations,” Tatyana Stanovaya, a veteran Russian political analyst, wrote in a post to X.
“However, this rejection is not absolute; he outlines his demands. His key condition is that a cease-fire must serve as a stepping stone to substantive talks on the root causes of the conflict -- Ukraine must agree to discuss an 'Istanbul Plus' framework, which Russia views as a path to Kyiv’s capitulation," she wrote.
“Istanbul Plus” is a reference to the 2022 negotiations that Russia and Ukraine held in the few weeks after the beginning of the all-out invasion, in February 2022. The negotiations led a framework agreement that observers say would have amounted to all-out capitulation by Ukraine.
“Putin also requires commitments from the US to halt military supplies, while Kyiv must pledge not to fortify its defense lines or use the pause for rearmament. Zelensky’s legitimacy must also be addressed,” she wrote, referring to recurring Kremlin assertions that the Ukrainian leader lacks legitimacy because martial law has prevented Ukraine from holding new elections.
Prominent Russian opposition leader Vladimir Kara-Murza was more blunt, and he suggested that Putin—a former top officer with the KGB and its successor, the FSB -- had inadvertently let slip a fundamental truth.
“The main ‘root cause’ is an old, deranged KGB officer in the Kremlin who views the collapse of the Soviet empire as ‘the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century,’ calls his opponents ‘national traitors’ and Ukraine ‘an artificial state,’ and idolizes Stalin and Andropov’,” Kara-Murza wrote in a post to X.
Andropov is a reference to Yury Andropov, who headed the Soviet-era KGB until becoming the Soviet Union's leader in 1982.
“Without ‘eliminating’ this ‘root cause’ there will not be peace not only in Ukraine, but in Europe as a whole," Kara-Murza wrote.
The next step in the process, then, may happen on a more personal level when Trump and Putin take up the conversation.
- By RFE/RL
Putin Says Russia Agrees With US Cease-Fire Proposal But 'With Nuances'
Russian President Vladimir Putin said he agrees in principle with the US proposal for a temporary cease-fire with Ukraine, but added that "there are nuances," such as Western weapons deliveries to Kyiv, that he wants addressed first.
The Russian leader also said any agreement should lead to long-term peace that address the "root" reasons for the war, a likely reference to NATO expansion.
"We agree with the proposal to stop the fighting. But we proceed from the fact that this cessation should lead to long-term peace and eliminate the root causes of this crisis," Putin said in his first public comments about how he assessed the US proposal for a cease-fire.
"We are for [a cease-fire], but there are nuances," Putin added during a March 13 press conference in Moscow with Belarusian leader Aleksandr Lukashenko.
Ukraine Invasion: News & Analysis
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Putin is facing a dilemma after delegations from Kyiv and Washington agreed earlier this week at a meeting in Saudi Arabia to a 30-day cease-fire proposed by US President Donald Trump, putting the onus for peace in Moscow's lap.
"I think the Russians are keen not to be seen as the intransigent party as that could lead to consequences from Trump, such as sanctions. So that informed Putin's comments today," John Hardie, deputy director of the Russia Program at Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a Washington-based think tank, told RFE/RL.
Putin was set to meet Trump's special envoy, Steve Witkoff, to discuss the cease-fire proposal. Following Putin's comments, Trump said he hoped Russia would "do the right thing" and agree to the deal. He described Putin's comments as "promising" but incomplete.
Trump on March 13 said during a meeting with NATO chief Mark Rutte that Witkoff was engaged in "very serious discussions" in Moscow. The president added he "getting word of things going OK in Russia." Witkoff's exact scheduled was not disclosed.
In his daily nighttime address, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Putin is preparing to reject the cease-fire proposal but is scared to say this directly to Trump.
Trump has made ending Russia's more than three-year full-scale invasion of Ukraine a top priority since taking office for a second term less than two months ago, and is wielding US leverage to get both Kyiv and Moscow to the table.
The US president on March 12 threatened to impose more sanctions on Russia if it did not agree to the cease-fire. However, Trump did not give a time frame for Putin to agree to his proposal or say whether he would be willing to negotiate with Putin on the "nuances."
The Russian leader said there were several unanswered questions in the proposal, such as what to do about Ukraine's incursion into Russia's Kursk region.
"If we have a cease-fire, does that mean that everyone there would leave?" Putin said. "Should we release them [Ukrainian troops] after they committed crimes against the population? Or would they surrender?"
Ukraine denies committing such crimes, saying it abides by humanitarian law and does not target civilians.
Kyiv seized a swath of the Kursk region in a stealth incursion in August, a move seen as an effort to divert Russian forces from eastern Ukraine and use the territory as a bargaining chip in any peace talks.
That strategy is now failing as Russian forces supported by North Korean troops push the Ukrainians out of Kursk. Russia has regained more than half the territory in Kursk initially captured by Ukraine.
Putin, who visited Kursk yesterday for the first time since the August push, said the situation in the region is now "totally under our control."
He said the Ukrainians escape route is completely under Russian fire and that if his forces are able to physically block the route, Ukrainian troops in Kursk will only have two options: surrender or be killed.
Among the other concerns the Russian leader voiced about the cease-fire proposal is whether Ukraine would use the 30-day period to mobilize and train forces or rearm with the help of the West. He also raised the question of how the nearly 2,000-kilometer front would be monitored.
"Who will determine where and who violated the possible cease-fire agreement?" he said.
Experts had warned that Putin would likely seek to drag out cease-fire talks because his forces have the upper hand on the battlefield.
Aside from the advances in Kursk, Russia is gaining territory in eastern Ukraine -- albeit at high human and material costs -- due to its significant manpower advantage.
Russia is seeking to capture at a minimum the entirety of the four regions of Ukraine it claims to have annexed in November 2022: Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhya, and Kherson. A cease-fire now would leave them short of that goal.
"One way the Russians could slow down this process without coming out directly and saying 'no', is by dragging out those technical discussions on monitoring" the cease-fire, Hardie said.
"That could also give them ways to try to pin the blame back on Ukraine, by insisting on certain technical matters that Ukraine might find objectionable," he said.
Hardie said Trump could increase pressure on Putin by sanctioning more Russian oil tankers, commonly called the "shadow fleet." Oil exports accounts for about a third of Russia's federal budget revenue.
On March 13, US administration heightened pressure on Russia by increasing restrictions on the country's oil, gas, and banking sectors.
Among the measures, the Treasury Department was letting expire a 60-day exemption put in place in January by the Biden administration that allowed some energy transactions involving sanctioned Russian banks to continue. The latest move would make it more difficult for other nations to buy Russian oil.
Another option would be threatening secondary sanctions on countries like India, China, and Turkey that buy Russian oil above the price cap the West imposed on Russia oil of $60 a barrel.
"If Trump really wants to squeeze the Russian revenue, he could do it that way," Hardie said.
Armenia, Azerbaijan Finalize Peace Agreement But Hurdles Remain
Armenia and Azerbaijan, have fought a series of wars since the late 1980s, have finalized the text of a long-awaited peace agreement aimed at establishing formal relations, marking a significant step toward ending decades of hostilities.
Armenia’s Foreign Ministry confirmed on March 13 that Yerevan has accepted Azerbaijan’s proposals on two remaining uncoordinated articles of the agreement, effectively concluding negotiations on the text. It has proposed consultations with Azerbaijan on a signing date and venue.
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian told journalists in Yerevan shortly after the ministry's announcement that the draft peace treaty is a compromise and that his country is ready to start consultations on the timing of signing the treaty.
"We have no secrets from our society in that text which, in fact, article by article was published separately. I don’t think it can be said that the society is not familiar with the content," Pashinian said, stressing that Armenia and Azerbaijan will not deploy foreign forces along the border after signing the treaty.
Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Ceyhun Bayramov told reporters on March 13 that "the negotiation process over the peace treaty text has officially concluded," adding that "the last two unresolved clauses have been addressed, with Armenia accepting Azerbaijan’s proposals."
Despite the breakthrough, Azerbaijan maintains that the treaty cannot be signed until Armenia revises its constitution and legal framework to remove any references to territorial claims over regions inside Azerbaijan, a reference mainly to Nagorno-Karabakh.
"This is a necessary precondition for signing the peace agreement," Bayramov said.
Years Of Negotiation
The latest development follows years of negotiations over a lasting peace deal.
Nagorno-Karabakh, home to a significant Armenian population, had been under the control of ethnic Armenian authorities since the early 1990s following a devastating war between the two neighbors after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
After a brief but intense Azerbaijani military offensive in September 2023, the separatist leadership surrendered and the region, now officially called Karabakh, was reintegrated into Azerbaijan.
The war led to the mass exodus of more than 100,000 ethnic Armenians from the region, effectively ending decades of separatist rule.
In the wake of the latest war over the region, Armenia and Azerbaijan resumed negotiations on a peace treaty to formally recognize each other’s territorial integrity and establish diplomatic relations.
One of the key stumbling blocks in the negotiations has been Armenia’s legal position regarding Nagorno-Karabakh's status as an Azerbaijani territory.
Baku has long argued that Armenia’s constitution includes implicit territorial claims over Nagorno-Karabakh, and Azerbaijani officials insist that this must be amended before the treaty can be signed.
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