Pakistan's decision to ban a prominent civil rights organization will further alienate the country's large Pashtun ethnic minority, experts say.
The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), a grassroots movement that advocates for the rights of Pakistan's estimated 40 million Pashtuns, was designated a "proscribed organization" on October 6 for allegedly undermining security in the South Asian country of some 240 million people.
Rights groups say the ban is aimed at silencing the PTM, which has accused the government and the powerful military of committing human rights abuses against civilians in northwestern Pakistan, a militant stronghold.
WATCH: Tens of thousands of ethnic Pashtuns attended the beginning of a three-day "jirga" or grand assembly on October 11 near Peshawar in northwest Pakistan.
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Analysts say the ban could push the PTM to abandon its nonviolent campaign and further destabilize the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where many Pashtuns live.
"It's going to make Pashtuns much more apprehensive of the state," said Ayesha Siddiqa, senior fellow at King's College London. "There's going to be greater resentment and frustration."
Since its emergence in 2018, the PTM has accused the army of using heavy-handed tactics, including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, against civilians during counterterrorism operations against militant groups in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The province has been the scene of numerous operations against the Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) extremist group that have killed thousands of Pashtun civilians and uprooted millions in the past two decades.
Thousands of residents gathered in Mirali, North Waziristan, at a PTM gathering in August to protest for peace.
Siddiqa said the ban on the PTM was a "knee-jerk reaction" by Pakistan's military, which has an oversized role in the country's domestic and foreign affairs. Its traditional dominance of politics has been undermined in recent years by civil rights organizations like the PTM and opposition political parties.
"PTM is a political movement, and that is something which the state finds much more difficult to control," Siddiqa added.
In recent years, the authorities have arrested and jailed the leaders and hundreds of members of the PTM, whose rallies often attract tens of thousands of people.
Thousands gather at a PTM rally in Razmak, North Waziristan, in June.
Widespread Condemnation
The government's ban on the PTM has been widely condemned.
Amnesty International on October 8 called on Islamabad to revoke the ban, which it termed "an affront to the rights to freedom of association and peaceful assembly."
Two days earlier, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, an independent rights watchdog, had criticized what it said was "the government's decision to proscribe the PTM, a rights-based movement that has never resorted to violence and always used the framework of the Constitution to advocate its cause."
The PTM has said that over 200 of its members have been arrested in recent days ahead of a jirga, or assembly, planned for October 11-13.
Two days before the assembly, police clashed with PTM supporters in the northwestern town of Jamrud, using tear gas and batons to disperse the crowd. At least four PTM activists were killed in the clashes.
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Despite the ban on the PTM, the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has permitted the group to hold the assembly. On October 11, the provincial authorities said they will urge the central government to revoke the ban.
"The PTM has been raising very legitimate demands," said Farhatullah Babar, a former lawmaker and leader of the secular Pakistan People's Party.
He said the army and government have consistently reneged on promises it made to the PTM, including the removal of military checkpoints in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the clearance of landmines, and the release of civilians forcibly disappeared by the state.
"Stifling its voice will go down very badly with the entire Pashtun people," said Babar. "I think that this will alienate people even more. The incentives for them to remain peaceful will now decrease."