Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has taken part in ceremonies to commemorate the millions who died of famine under Soviet dictator Josef Stalin.
Poroshenko attended a ceremony in the capital, Kyiv, at the museum dedicated to the famine, or Holodomor.
A minute of silence was also held across Ukraine.
November 28 has been marked in Ukraine as the day to commemorate the victims of the Holodomor since 2006.
The famine took place in 1932 and 1933 as Soviet leader Stalin's police forced peasants in Ukraine to join collective farms by requisitioning their grain and other foodstuffs.
It is estimated that up to 9 million people died as a result of executions, deportation, and starvation during the Stalin-era campaign.