Some 25 million people across the globe have died in the quarter-century after the first documented cases, but Peter Piot of UNAIDS predicts a further globalization of the epidemic spreading to every corner of the world.
Among the areas where the disease is now spreading very fast are Russia, Ukraine, and Central Asia.
In an interview with RFE/RL, Piot said the Ukrainian and Russian governments have made progress in slowing the spread of the virus in their countries. But he says the two nations remain on the verge of a major AIDS pandemic that could hit the youngest members of their populations.
Piot described the response of these two countries -- and of post-Soviet states in Central Asia -- as "totally inadequate and insufficient."
However, he said that he now sees "very, very hope-giving signs in major increases in budget -- 10 to 12 times in Russia, also in Ukraine -- and more action on the ground."
The head of UNAIDS says the spread of HIV among injecting drug users is a fundamental issue that continues not to be addressed in the region.
The UN On AIDS
The United Nations has issued its annual report on the AIDS epidemic. Here are some of its findings:
- There are currently an estimated 40.3 million people living with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Of those, 17.5 million are women and 2.3 million are children under the age of 15.
- There were an estimated 4.9 million new HIV infections in 2005, including 700,000 children under the age of 15.
- An estimated 3.1 million people, including 570,000 children, died of AIDS in 2005.
- According to the report, more than 25 million people have died of AIDS worldwide since the disease was recognized in 1981.
- In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the number of HIV-positive people reached 1.6 million in 2005, up from 1.2 million in 2003. The bulk of people living with HIV in the region are in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. "Ukraine's epidemic continues to grow, with more new HIV infections occurring each year, while the Russian Federation has the biggest AIDS epidemic in all of Europe," the report states. A private Russian survey cited in the report found "no postive changes in sexual behaviour, with condom use decreasing slightly among people in their twenties."
- In Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan have seen the most dramatic increases of HIV infections. In the Caucasus, the situation is described "relatively stable."
See also:
Central Asia: AIDS Project Seeks To Avert Epidemic
Eastern Europe: European Commission Warns Of 'Resurgent' HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Listen to a short interview by RFE/RL's Tajik Service with Gregory Henning Mikkelsen, director of EU team for a joint EU/UN AIDS initiative. In the November 21, 2005, interview, Mikkelsen describes the epidemic in Central Asia.